Security Operations Center (SOC)

A centralized unit that monitors, detects, investigates, and responds to cybersecurity incidents using people, processes, and technology.

Also known as:SOCSecurity Operations

What is a Security Operations Center?

A Security Operations Center (SOC) is a centralized facility where a team of security professionals monitors, detects, analyzes, and responds to cybersecurity incidents. The SOC serves as the hub for an organization's security operations.

Core Functions

Monitoring

  • 24/7 surveillance
  • Log analysis
  • Alert triage
  • Threat hunting

Detection

  • SIEM correlation
  • Anomaly detection
  • Threat intelligence
  • Pattern recognition

Investigation

  • Alert analysis
  • Forensic examination
  • Root cause analysis
  • Evidence collection

Response

  • Incident containment
  • Threat remediation
  • Recovery coordination
  • Post-incident review

SOC Team Roles

Tier 1: Alert Analyst

  • Initial triage
  • Basic analysis
  • Escalation

Tier 2: Incident Responder

  • Deep investigation
  • Incident handling
  • Remediation

Tier 3: Threat Hunter

  • Proactive hunting
  • Advanced analysis
  • Tool development

SOC Manager

  • Operations oversight
  • Resource management
  • Stakeholder communication

SOC Models

In-House SOC Full internal capability.

Managed SOC (MSSP) Outsourced to provider.

Hybrid SOC Combination approach.

Virtual SOC Distributed team.

Key Technologies

  • SIEM
  • SOAR
  • EDR/XDR
  • Threat intelligence platforms
  • Forensic tools